Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in Australia. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experience significantly different outcomes compared to non-Indigenous women, with disparities evident in incidence, stage at diagnosis, treatment access, and survival rates. This literature and systematic review examines the current evidence on breast cancer rates among Aboriginal women in Australia, including patterns of incidence, mortality, and contributing social determinants of health. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Informit, focusing on studies published between 2000 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported quantitative data on breast cancer incidence or outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Grey literature and government health reports were also reviewed to capture recent epidemiological data and health policy context. A systematic review using an Aboriginal systems methodology was then completed on this literature The review found that while overall breast cancer incidence among Aboriginal women is slightly lower than in non-Indigenous women, mortality rates are significantly higher. Contributing factors include later-stage diagnosis, lower participation in breast screening programs, limited access to culturally safe healthcare, and higher prevalence of comorbidities. Studies also highlighted systemic barriers such as racism in healthcare and the underrepresentation of Aboriginal perspectives in cancer care planning. Breast cancer outcomes for Aboriginal women in Australia reflect ongoing health inequities rooted in broader social and structural determinants. Improving early detection, culturally appropriate care, and community-led health initiatives are critical for addressing these disparities. This literature and systematic review is informing a larger research project to increase breast cancer and breast surgery education in the Northern Adelaide Local Health Network.