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RACS ASC 2025
Tiny Cysts, Big Questions: Multiple Eruptive Milia in an Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Patient
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Institution: Griffith University - Queensland, Australia

Background: Milia are benign, superficial keratinous cysts classified as primary, secondary, or 'other,' including milia en plaque and multiple eruptive milia. Multiple eruptive milia is rare, characterized by clusters of milia developing spontaneously over weeks to months. While often idiopathic, it can also be associated with genetic conditions or immunosuppression. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 64-year-old male with a two-year history of multiple eruptive milia on the anterior chest and upper arms. He had undergone renal transplantation two years prior and was on long-term immunosuppressive therapy, including azathioprine, prednisolone, and tacrolimus. Examination revealed numerous 1–3 mm whitish-yellow papules without systemic symptoms. Histological analysis of two biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of milia with no evidence of malignancy. Discussion: Multiple eruptive milia is rare, with few reports linking it to immunosuppression post-organ transplant. Immunosuppressive medications, particularly calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and cyclosporine, are associated with epidermal cyst development through altered keratinization and follicular occlusion. Although benign, milia may cause cosmetic concern, and treatment options include excision, curettage, cryotherapy, electrodessication, and topical retinoids. Conclusion: This case highlights a potential association between immunosuppression and multiple eruptive milia, emphasizing the need for clinician awareness and patient-specific treatment approaches. Further investigation into the pathogenesis and management of milia in immunosuppressed patients is warranted.
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Authors

Dr Emily Horan - , Dr Mitchell Robinson -