Oculoplastic surgery is a subspecialty of ophthalmology concerned with the reconstruction and aesthetic restoration of the eyelids, lacrimal system, and orbit. Its historical roots extend to ancient civilizations, where early descriptions of eyelid repair appear in Indian and Egyptian medical texts, notably the Sushruta Samhita, which outlined rudimentary reconstructive techniques for periocular defects. During the Greco-Roman era, physicians such as Galen contributed anatomical insights that informed surgical approaches, although progress remained limited by poor understanding of infection and wound healing. The Renaissance marked a turning point, with advances in anatomy and surgical instrumentation enabling more precise periocular procedures. In the 19th century, the emergence of antisepsis, anesthesia, and detailed orbital anatomy facilitated safer and more complex reconstructions, particularly following trauma and tumor excision. The formal development of oculoplastic surgery accelerated in the 20th century, driven by wartime facial injuries, the rise of ophthalmology as a distinct specialty, and innovations in microsurgery. Pioneers established standardized techniques for eyelid malposition, lacrimal surgery, and orbital decompression. In recent decades, the field has continued to evolve through advances in imaging, biomaterials, and minimally invasive and aesthetic techniques. The history of oculoplastic surgery reflects broader surgical progress, integrating functional restoration with aesthetic principles to address both disease and quality of life.