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RACS ASC 2025
Systematic review of the management options available for Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS)
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Institution: Wagga Wagga Base Hospital - NSW, Australia

Introduction- Low anterior resection is currently gold standard surgical management for rectal cancer. Post-operatively patients may develop Low Anterior Resection Syndrome. LARS can be debilitating and is difficult to treat. Method- Systematic review of Medline, Cochrane and Embase using the following terms: "low anterior resection syndrome" AND "management" OR “treatment". Articles that focused on low anterior resection syndrome management in patients >18 years were included. Bias risk was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale for cohort studies and the JBI appraisal tool for RCTs. Due to heterogeneity of methodology no statistical analysis was performed. Results- Thirty-eight articles were included. Treatments included pharmacological, pelvic floor rehab (PFR), transanal irrigation, sacral nerve modulation (SNM), percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation(PTNS) and escalating “treatment programs”. The most common published medical therapies report Ramoestron use. PFR showed improvement mostly in those with symptoms of faecal incontinence. TAI supplies pseudo-continence with its greatest benefit reported in those with incomplete evacuation and over the short term. SNM results show improvements in FI but a high rate of explantation. PTNS was not effective. A single “stepwise programme” study reported that 77% did not progress further than diet and medication. Conclusion- There is no consensus regarding optimal treatment strategy for LARS. LARS is multifactorial, requires discussion between patient and surgeon to address the most prominent symptom. It requires physical and psychological input. No single treatment option provides superior results. Treatment is based on symptom control and patient acceptance.
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Dr Nicholas Findlay - , Dr Gary Sharp - , Prof David Clark - , A/Prof Jonathan Hong -