Purpose: Thoracic surgery is a small surgical subspeciality which is primarily a surgical oncological speciality. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in Australia, and is the fourth most common cancer by incidence. In Australia thoracic surgery is performed by cardiothoracic surgeons, pure thoracic surgeons and selected general surgeons with additional thoracic training. This study aimed to determine the demographics and accessibility of Australian thoracic surgeons, and identify if equitable provision of services is being provided given that 28% of Australians live in rural Australia. Methodology: Demographics were recorded for surgeons who offered a thoracic surgical services including surgical speciality (general, cardiothoracic), location, experience, fellowship undertaken, academic/university position and gender. Results: 150 cardiothoracic surgeons work in Australia, with an estimated 10% working exclusively in thoracic practice. Fifteen general surgeons were identified to have additional thoracic surgical training who all practised primarily in rural Australia. Three of the general surgeons held an academic position. The majority of general surgeons received post-fellowship training in thoracic surgery, alongside their SET training. The majority of general thoracic surgeons were male (87%). Conclusion: Further thoracic exposure during general surgical training, and post fellowship training opportunities may be required to ensure provision of thoracic surgery to rural Australians.