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RACS ASC 2025
Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
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Institution: Whangarei Hospital - Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in New Zealand. Typical BCCs are indolent, with a very low propensity to metastasis. We present the unusual case of a patient with previously excised lower limb BCCs who subsequently presented with nodal disease. Case: An 83-year-old NZ European male with a history of previous skin cancers underwent treatment for a pT1a melanoma. At routine follow-up, the patient reported a right groin mass. Ultrasound revealed an abnormal lymph node, and FNA showed features consistent with metastatic SCC. On clinical evaluation, no suspicious lesions were identified on the lower limb. The patient underwent a right superficial groin dissection. Final pathology revealed metastatic BCC, alongside nine other normal lymph nodes. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery and adjuvant therapy was not recommended. Discussion: Metastatic BCC (mBCC) is exceptionally rare, and predictors of metastatic potential are not well understood. Male sex, fair skin, large tumours (>7cm), and tumours affecting the head and neck are thought to pose greater risk. Cases in the literature show no association between histological subtype and metastasis. Our patient had multiple BCCs excised from the limb in question - with none meeting the aforementioned size or location criteria. Further research is required to identify the histopathologic features of primary BCCs with metastatic potential. Ting, P.T., Kasper, R. & Arlette, J.P. Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. J Cutan Med Surg 9, 10–15 (2005) Naik, P.P., Desai, M.B. Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review on Contemporary Diagnosis and Management. Oncol Ther 10, 317–335 (2022).
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Authors

Dr Acacia Wratten-Stone - , Dr William Anderson -