Purpose: To investigate the relationship between hormone receptor (ER/PR) and HER2 status with pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer patients, as measured by Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) and pathological complete response (pCR). Methodology: This retrospective analysis included 120 breast cancer patients treated with NACT from December 2021 to July 2024. Receptor profiles (ER, PR, HER2), RCB scores, and pCR rates were analyzed to evaluate correlations between receptor status and treatment outcomes. Statistical comparisons were performed to determine the impact of these profiles on NACT effectiveness. Results: HER2-positive tumors exhibited the highest rates of pCR (45%) and significantly lower RCB scores, demonstrating a robust response to HER2-targeted therapies. Conversely, ER/PR-positive tumors showed weaker responses, with a pCR rate of only 25%. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) displayed highly variable outcomes, with mean RCB scores higher than HER2-positive tumors but lower than ER/PR-positive tumors. Patients with HER2-negative and hormone receptor-negative profiles had the poorest outcomes overall. Conclusion: HER2 positivity is a strong predictor of favorable response to NACT, while hormone receptor positivity (ER/PR) is associated with reduced chemotherapy sensitivity. Tailored therapeutic strategies that consider receptor profiles are essential for optimizing outcomes in breast cancer treatment.