Introduction: The era of extraterrestrial exploration has inadvertently served as a catalyst for surgical innovation, bridging aerospace research with medical advancements. By leveraging breakthroughs in material engineering, robotic systems, and advanced diagnostic technologies, space exploration has transformed surgical capabilities, enabling precision, efficiency, and improved patient outcomes. Discussion: The origins of robotic surgery can be traced to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), where the integration of telepresence and robotic telemanipulation introduced the concept of "remote surgery." AESOP, an automated endoscopic system initially developed to maintain satellites on the International Space Station (ISS), laid the groundwork for contemporary surgical robotic systems. Material engineering advances for Martian sample collection produced novel biocompatible surgical sutures with enhanced mechanical properties and minimal inflammatory response. Innovations in optical technologies, such as those used in the James Webb Space Telescope, revolutionized precision techniques in LASIK eye surgery. Furthermore, radiation-resistant materials designed to protect astronauts have informed the development of surgical implants and oncological interventions.Similarly, thermal regulation systems originally created for spacesuits have inspired advancements in surgical cooling and organ preservation techniques. Conclusion: Humanity’s foray into space exploration has catalysed a series of transformative surgical innovations that transcend far beyond their initial aerospace applications. These novel technologies continue to reshape the landscape of modern medicine, underscoring the enduring impact of space research on surgical practices worldwide.