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RACS ASC 2025
Head over Heels: Anatomical Insights into Queensland’s Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Distribution
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Institution: Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital - QLD, Australia

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), primarily comprising of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), represents a significant health challenge in Australia. The country experiences the world's highest NMSC incidence, with two out of three Australians diagnosed by age 70. Comparative studies reveal NMSC rates five times higher than in American or European populations. A notable latitude-dependent gradient exists, with Queensland reporting the highest incidence rates, attributed to factors including sun exposure, climate, UV radiation, and ethnic composition. Methods: This retrospective study analysed all patients with biopsy-proven NMSC who attended a single ad-hoc Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) clinic at Royal Brisbane Hospital. Anatomical distribution was systematically documented and categorized. Results: A total of 211 skin cancer lesions were examined. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) predominated, accounting for 135 lesions (64%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 56 lesions (26.5%). SCC in situ represented 18 lesions (8.5%), with 2 lesions (0.9%) classified as other types. Anatomical distribution revealed head and neck as the most prevalent site with 169 lesions (80%), followed by lower limb with 23 lesions (11%), upper limb with 15 lesions (7%), and trunk with 4 lesions (2%). Conclusion: Our results highlight the predominant referral of head and neck NMSC lesions to our tertiary plastic surgery clinic, reflecting the complex anatomical considerations and potential reconstructive challenges associated with these anatomical sites.
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Dr Nicola Zelow -