Purpose Shark attacks account for only a very small proportion of animal attacks on humans worldwide, yet occupy a disproportionate proportion of public apprehension due to their highly publicised nature, sense of proximity, and the portrayal of sharks in media and popular culture. This is particularly true in Australia, which consistently reports the highest number of fatal shark attacks in the world. A recent Sydney shark attack in close proximity to the shore has prompted community concern about changing patterns of shark behaviour and strategies to address the risk it poses to the public. Methodology We present an updated review of the literature on the epidemiology and patterns of shark attack trauma, and current ecological and deterrent strategies to protect the public. We also present our institutional experience with the case of a 28-year-old lady with significant lower limb trauma following a shark attack. Results There were 69 unprovoked shark attacks worldwide in 2023, 10 of which were fatal – 3 of which occurred in Australia. This represents a significant increase of 67% from the previous 5-year average, which may reflect broader trends in climate change, shark behaviour and changing patterns of human-shark interactions and influences patterns of injury and considerations for surgical management. Conclusion Current predominant attack prevention strategies are based on destructive barrier technologies such as shark nets. Technological advancements in electromagnetic, olfactory and acoustic personal deterrents and a greater awareness of environmental factors in influencing shark distribution and behaviour show promise in reducing the incidence of shark attacks whilst mitigating ecological impact.