Delivering neurosurgery services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Papua New Guinea (PNG) presents multiple challenges. Limited resources, infrastructure deficits, and inadequate training for healthcare personnel significantly hinder service efficiency. Access to contemporary medical technology is often restricted, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, while the scarcity of neurosurgeons creates long waiting times for patients. Geographic constraints in PNG further exacerbate the situation, as patients in remote areas struggle to reach healthcare facilities due to poor transport networks. Additionally, financial barriers and a lack of health insurance coverage can prevent individuals from seeking necessary surgical interventions. Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding surgical procedures may also impede patient willingness to undergo treatment. Addressing these challenges requires strategic investments in healthcare infrastructure, increased training for local neurosurgeons, improved patient education, and initiatives to foster equitable access to essential surgical services for all PNG citizens