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Presentation Description
Institution: Royal Melbourne Hospital - Victoria, Australia
A 20-year-old previously healthy male developed septic bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis after self-drainage of a one-week-old midline upper lip abscess. He presented with vision loss, bilateral eyelid swelling, fever and vomiting. On arrival he was agitated with proptosis and fixed, dilated pupils, prompting bilateral canthotomies and intubation for imaging. CT brain found diffuse cerebral oedema; he was started on mannitol, hypertonic saline and empirical therapy for meningoencephalitis. CT venogram confirmed bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis. An extra ventricular drain was inserted for hydrocephalus and monitoring of intracranial pressure. Therapeutic anticoagulation was commenced following multidisciplinary discussion acknowledging risk of intracranial haemorrhage.
MRI demonstrated widespread infarction, leptomeningeal enhancement and thrombus extension into the left internal jugular vein (IJV), with a congenitally hypoplastic right IJV. A left IJV thrombectomy was performed successfully.
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew methicillin sensitive Staphylococcal aureus. No further facial or oral abscesses were found on examination for local source control.
Despite maximal medical management including thiopentone infusion, he had ongoing intracranial hypertension. Surgical decompression was not pursued due to bilateral involvement and lack of evidence in non-traumatic cases.
Repeat imaging showed progressive posterior fossa and brain stem infarction, and meaningful neurological recovery was felt unlikely. Following family discussions, care was redirected to palliation. The patient died three days after admission with cause of death attributed to septic cavernous sinus thrombosis.
This case highlights how seemingly minor facial infections can rapidly progress to fatal intracranial disease via haematogenous spread from facial and angular veins to the cavernous sinus. Deterioration can occur within hours despite aggressive management.
Presenters
Authors
Authors
Dr Olivia Lin - , Prof Adam Deane -
